Veterinary drug knowledge: Calcium chloride (veterinary calcium and phosphorus preparations)

Calcium chloride (chemical formula: CaCl2) is an organic calcium salt composed of chlorine and calcium.As a medicine, it is mainly used to treat limb convulsions, exudative edema, rickets in young animals, magnesium poisoning, etc. caused by low blood calcium. It has both anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties.Its shape is usually white hard fragments or granules, odorless and slightly bitter in taste. Very deliquescent and soluble in water and alcohol.

Pharmacological effects

As a drug, its pharmacological effects lie in the following points:

1. It can reduce capillary permeability, increase capillary density, reduce exudation, and achieve anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects;

2. Can participate in bone formation and reconstruction of bone tissue after fracture;

3. It can maintain the normal excitability of neuromuscular tissue. When blood calcium is lower than the normal value, neuromuscular excitability increases, which can cause forced muscle spasm and even coma. On the contrary, when the blood calcium concentration is too high, neuromuscular excitability is reduced, which manifests as muscle weakness;

4. Calcium ions and magnesium ions have antagonistic effects in the central nervous system because they compete with each other for binding to receptors on the same nerve cells. If the concentration of calcium ions is high, it can crowd out the binding of magnesium ions to the receptor, which can be used as an antidote for acute magnesium sulfate poisoning in livestock.

Applicable disease symptoms

As a commonly used drug in calcium-phosphorus preparations, calcium chloride is mainly used to treat calcium deficiency in domestic animals, such as pre- and postpartum paralysis in maternal animals, rickets in domestic animals, rickets, and paralysis in young animals.It is also commonly used as an auxiliary treatment for many diseases, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic treatments for pulmonary edema, urticaria and other allergic diseases.At the same time, due to the antagonistic effect of calcium and magnesium ions in the central nervous system, it is also often used as an antidote to magnesium sulfate.As a hemostasis, it can promote normal blood coagulation, but it does not help much in shortening the coagulation time.

Reference dose

Calcium chloride is commonly used for intravenous injection,Pigs and sheep are usually 1-5 grams each time; cattle are usually 5-15 grams each time.Calcium chloride glucose injection (5% calcium chloride and 10%-25% glucose), pigs and sheep are usually 20-100 ml each time; cattle are usually 100-300 ml each time.

Precautions

1. Use with caution in patients with cardiac and renal insufficiency, and intravenous injection in normal domestic animals must be done slowly as it may have an impact on the heart;

2.Do not use calcium intravenously during the use of digitalis or epinephrine or within 7 days of stopping the drug.

3.Calcium chloride is highly irritating to tissues, so intravenous injection must prevent leakage outside the blood vessels.